Publications
Conference Papers
Maryam Al-Mukhaylid and Hussein Suleman (2020) Socially-Motivated Discussion Forum Models for Learning Management Systems, to appear in Proceedings of SAICSIT 2020, 14-16 September 2020, Virtual.
Jecton Anyango and Hussein Suleman (2020) Designing Programming Games for Diversity in Teaching Introductory Programming, Proceedings of SACLA 2020, 6-9 July 2020, Virtual.
Kelvin Meyer and Hussein Suleman (2020) Answering Student Programming Questions using Domain-specific Search, short paper in Proceedings of SACLA 2020, 6-9 July 2020, Virtual.
Catherine Chavula and Hussein Suleman (2020) Intercomprehension in Retrieval: User Perspectives On Six Related Scarce Resource Languages, Proceedings of ACM Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval (CHIIR), 13-14 August 2020, Virtual.
Jivashi Nagar and Hussein Suleman (2019) Using Signal processing to Investigate User Web Search Behaviour on Topics of Interest with Multiple Periodicities, Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Library and Information Education and Practice 2019 (A-LIEP), 4-7 November 2019, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Available: http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/id/eprint/1332/
Mushashu Mwansa Lumpa and Hussein Suleman (2019) Investigating the feasibility of digital repositories in private clouds, Proceedings of 21st International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL), 4-7 November 2019, Springer. Available: http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/id/eprint/1335/
Meluleki Dube and Hussein Suleman (2019) Language identification for South African Bantu languages Using Rank Order Statistics, Proceedings of 21st International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL), 4-7 November 2019, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Springer. Available: http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/id/eprint/1334/
Hussein Suleman (2019) Investigating the effectiveness of client-side search/browse without a network connection, Proceedings of 21st International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL), 4-7 November 2019, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Springer. Available: http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/id/eprint/1333/
Hussein Suleman (2019) Reflections on Design Principles for a Digital Repository in a Low Resource Environment, Proceedings of HistoInformatics Workshop 2019, 13 September 2019, Oslo, Norway, CEUR. Available: http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/id/eprint/1331/
Gina Horscroft, Jivashi Nagar and Hussein Suleman (2018) Reranking the Search Results for Users with Time-periodic Intents, in Proceedings of SAICSIT 2018, Port Elizabeth, ACM.
Joseph Telemala and Hussein Suleman (2018) Exploring Information Needs of Swahili Speakers in Tanzania, in Proceedings of 20th International Conference on AsiaPacific Digital Libraries (ICADL 2018), Hamilton, New Zealand, Springer. Available: http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/id/eprint/1289/
Selvas Mwanza and Hussein Suleman (2017) Measuring Network Structure Metrics as a Proxy for Socio-political Activity in Social Media, in Proceedings of Data Mining in Practice (DmiP), New Orleans, USA, 18-21 November 2017. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001224/
Catherine Chavula and Hussein Suleman (2017) Morphological Cluster Induction of Bantu Words Using a Weighted Similarity Measure, in Proceedings of SAICSIT 2017, 26-28 September, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001225/
Andreas Von Holy, Alon Bresler, Osher Shuman, Catherine Chavula and Hussein Suleman (2017) BantuWeb: A Digital Library for Resource Scarce South African Languages, in Proceedings of SAICSIT 2017, 26-28 September, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001226/
Jivashi Nagar and Hussein Suleman (2017) Investigating Per-user Time Sensitivity Of Search Topics, in Proceedings of 1st Workshop on Temporal Dynamics in Digital Libraries, 18-21 September, Thessaloniki, Greece. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001227/
Hussein Suleman, Stephan Jamieson and Maria Keet (2017) Testing Test-Driven Development, in Proceedings of SACLA 2017, 3-5 July, Magaliesburg, South Africa. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001228/
Lighton Phiri, Christoph Meinel and Hussein Suleman (2017) Peer Tutoring Orchestration: Streamlined Technology-driven Orchestration for Peer Tutoring, in Proceedings of CSEDU 2017, 21-23 April, Porto, Portugal. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001175/
Price, Simon, Wendy Hall, Graeme Earl, Thanassis Tiropanis, Ramine Tinati, Xin Wang, Eleonora Gandolfi, Jane Gatewood, Richard Boateng, David Denemark, Alexander Gröflin, Brian Loader, Maxine Schmidt, Marilyn Billings, Gerasimos Spanakis, Hussein Suleman, Kelvin Tsoi, Bridgette Wessels, Jie Xu, and Mark H. Birkin (2017) Worldwide Universities Network (WUN) Web Observatory: Applying Lessons from the Web to Transform the Research Data Ecosystem, in WWW 2017 WOW: Workshop on Web Observatories, Social Machines and Decentralisation, 3-7 April, Perth, Australia.
Sinini Ncube and Hussein Suleman (2017) Learner Satisfaction in eTexbook Co-reading: A comparative study of internal and external forums, in Proceedings of eLmL 2017, 19-23 March, Paris, France. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001229/
Morebodi Modise and Hussein Suleman (2017) Mobile Search Interfaces for isiXhosa Speakers: A Comparison Between Voice and Text, in Proceedings of IEEE ICTAS 2017, 9-10 March, Durban, South Africa. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001230/
Catherine Chavula and Hussein Suleman (2016) Assessing the Impact of Vocabulary Similarity on Multilingual Information Retrieval for Bantu Languages, in Proceedings of Forum for Information Retrieval (FIRE) 2016, 7-10 December, Kolkata, India. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001161/
Josiah Chavula, Hussein Suleman and Melissa Densmore (2016) Using SDN and Reinforcement Learning for Traffic Engineering in UbuntuNet Alliance, in Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Engineering (ICACCE 2016), Durban, South Africa. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001162/
Lighton Phiri, Christoph Meinel and Hussein Suleman (2016) Ad hoc vs. Organised Orchestration: A Comparative Analysis of Technology-driven Orchestration Approaches, in Proceedings of 8th IEEE International Conference on Technology for Education (T4E 2016), 2-4 December, Mumbia, India. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001128/
Selvas Mwanza and Hussein Suleman (2016) Measuring citizen participation in South African public debates using Twitter: An exploratory study, in Proceedings of Symposium on Information Management and Big Data (SimBig 2016), Cusco, Peru, September 2016. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001163/
Jorgina Paihama and Hussein Suleman (2016) What happens when the untrained search for training information, in Proceedings of Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries 2016, Hannover, Germany, Springer LNCS, September 2016. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001099/
Hussein Suleman (2016) Flipping a Course on Computer Architecture, in Proceedings of SACLA 2016, Pretoria, Springer LNCS, 5-6 July 2016. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001165/
Charity Chao Mbogo, Edwin Blake and Hussein Suleman (2016) Design and Use of Static Scaffolding Techniques to Support Java Programming on a Mobile Phone, in Proceedings of 21st Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE 2016), Arequipa, Peru, 11-13 July 2016. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001164/
Balone Ndaba, Hussein Suleman, C. Maria Keet and Langa Khumalo (2016) The Effects of a Corpus on isiZulu Spellcheckers based on N-grams, in Proceedings of IST-Africa 2016, Durban, South Africa, 11-13 May 2016. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001084/
Roslyn Sanby, Josiah Chavula and Hussein Suleman (2016) Efficient Topology Discovery for African NRENs, in Proceedings of IST-Africa 2016, Durban, South Africa, 11-13 May 2016. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001166/
Chantal Yang, Josiah Chavula and Hussein Suleman (2016) A Topology Visualisation Tool for National Research and Education Networks in Africa, in Proceedings of IST-Africa 2016, Durban, South Africa, 11-13 May 2016. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001167/
Josiah Chavula, Melissa Densmore, and Hussein Suleman (2015) Reducing Latency in African NRENs Using Performance-based LISP/SDN Traffic Engineering, in Proceedings of NetCom 2015, Sydney, Australia, 26-27 December 2015. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001050/
Ayodeji Olojede and Hussein Suleman (2015) Investigating Image Processing Algorithms for Navigating Cultural Heritage Spaces using Mobile Devices, in Proceedings of 2015 Asian Digital Library Conference, Seoul, South Korea, 9-12 December 2015. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001063/
Sunkanmi Olaleye and Hussein Suleman (2015) Xamobile: Usability Evaluation of Text Input Methods on Mobile Devices for Historical African Languages, in Proceedings of 2015 Asian Digital Library Conference, Seoul, South Korea, 9-12 December 2015. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001062/
Job King'ori Maina and Hussein Suleman (2015) Enhancing Digital Heritage Archives Using Gamified Annotations, in Proceedings of 2015 Asian Digital Library Conference, Seoul, South Korea, 9-12 December 2015. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001058/
Sean Packham and Hussein Suleman (2015) Crowdsourcing a Text Corpus is not a Game, in Proceedings of 2015 Asian Digital Library Conference, Seoul, South Korea, 9-12 December 2015. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001064/
Nkosana Malumba, Katlego Moukangwe and Hussein Suleman (2015) AfriWeb: A Web Search Engine for a Marginalized Language, in Proceedings of 2015 Asian Digital Library Conference, Seoul, South Korea, 9-12 December 2015. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001065/
Haji Ali Haji, Hussein Suleman and Ulrike Rivett (2015) Evaluating the effectiveness of mobile graphic-based reminders to support treatment of tuberculosis patients. In Proceedings of 9th International Development Informatics Association Conference (IDIA 2015), pages 189-201, Nungwi, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001051/
Haji Ali Haji, Hussein Suleman and Ulrike Rivett (2015) Development of a Mobile Image-Based Reminder Application to Support Tuberculosis Treatment in Africa. In Proceedings 17th International Conference on Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare (ICWMCH 2015), 9(8), pages 522-529, Paris, France. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001029/
Mohammed Mustafa Ali and Hussein Suleman (2015) Mixed Language Arabic-English Information Retrieval, in Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics (CICLING 2015), pp. 427-447, Cairo, Egypt, 14-20 April 2015, Springer.
Charity Chao Mbogo, Edwin Blake and Hussein Suleman (2015) Scaffolding Java programming on a Mobile Phone for Novice Learners, in Proceedings of Mobile Learning 2015, Madeira, Portugal, 14-16 March 2015. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001025/
Josiah Chavula, Nick Feamster, Antoine B. Bagula and Hussein Suleman (2014) Quantifying the Effects of Circuitous Routes on the Latency of Intra-Africa Internet Traffic: A Study of Research and Education Networks, in Proceedings of AFRICOMM 2014, Kampala, Uganda, pp. 64-73. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000995/
Haji Ali Haji, Hussein Suleman and Ulrike Rivett (2014) Developing Mobile Graphic Reminders for Reinforcing Compliance in Tuberculosis Treatment in Africa, in Proceedings of the first International Conference on the use of Mobile Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Africa -- UMICTA 2014, Stellenbosch, ISBN: 978-0-7972-1533-7 Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000971/
Haji Ali Haji, Hussein Suleman and Ulrike Rivett (2014) Mobile Graphic-Based Communication: Investigating Reminder Notifications to Support Tuberculosis Treatment in Africa. In Zhang , Yanchun, Guiging Yao, Jing He, Lei Wang, Neil R. Smalheiser and Xiaoxia Yin, Eds. Proceedings The 3rd International Conference on Health Information Science, Shenzhen, China LNCS(8423), pages 204-211, Shenzhen, China. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000970/
Sinini Ncube and Hussein Suleman (2014) Complementing formal learning with mobile technology outside the classroom. In proceedings of International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication Technologies and Learning (IMCL 2014), Thessaloniki, Greece, 13-14 November 2014.
Charity Chao Mbogo, Edwin Blake and Hussein Suleman (2014) Initial Evaluation of a Mobile Scaffolding Application that seeks to Support Novice Learners of Programming . In Proceedings Mobile Learning, Madrid, Spain. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000922/
Charity Chao Mbogo, Edwin Blake and Hussein Suleman (2014) Supporting the Construction of Programs on a Mobile Device: A Scaffolding Framework. In Proceedings Mobile Communications for Development (M4D), Dakar, Senegal. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000923/
Lebeko Poulo, Lighton Phiri and Hussein Suleman (2014) Fine-grained Scalability of Digital Library Services in the Cloud. In Matthee, Machdel and Helene Gelderblom , Eds. Proceedings 2014 South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists, Centurion, South Africa. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000963/
Grace Ssekakubo, Hussein Suleman and Gary Marsden (2014) A Streamlined Mobile User-Interface for Improved Access to LMS Services. In proceedings of eLmL 2014, The Sixth International Conference on Mobile, Hybrid, and On-line Learning, pp. 92-101, IARIA, 23-27 March 2014, Barcelona, Spain.
Charity Chao Mbogo, Edwin Blake & Suleman, H. (2013). Mobile Scaffolding Application to Support Novice Learners of Computer Programming. In Proceedings 6th International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies and Development, pages 84-87, Cape Town. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000921/
Ngoni Munyaradzi & Suleman, H. (2013). Quality Assessment in Crowdsourced Indigenous Language Transcription. In Proceedings Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries (TPDL) 2013, Malta. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000909/
Lighton Phiri & Suleman, H. (2013). Flexible Design for Simple Digital Library Tools and Services. In Machanick, Philip and Mosiuoa Tsietsi, Eds. Proceedings SAICSIT '13 2013 South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists, pages 160-169, East London, South Africa. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000891/
Michelle Katz, Kyle Williams and H Suleman (2012) Motivating Users to Build Heritage Collections Using Games on Social Networks. In Chen, H.-H and G Chowdhury , Eds. Proceedings 14th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL '12), pages 279-288, Taipei, Taiwan. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000807/
Morwan Mohammed Noor, Kyle Williams and Hussein Suleman (2012) Evaluating Simple Repository Deposit for Open Educational Resources. In Proceedings 14th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL 2012), Taipei, Taiwan. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000808/
Tresor Mvumbi, Flora Kundaeli, Zafika Manzi, Kyle Williams and Hussein Suleman (2012) An Online Meeting Tool for Low Bandwidth Environments. In Proceedings Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists (SAICSIT 2012), Centurion, South Africa. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000810/
Marius Nel, Kyle Williams and Hussein Suleman (2012) Evaluating Large Image Support for DSpace. In Proceedings 14th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL 2012), Taipei, Taiwan. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000809/
Jorgina Paihama, Kyle Williams and Hussein Suleman (2012) Assessing the Design of Web Interoperability Protocols. In Proceedings Annual Conference of South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists (SAICSIT 2012), Pretoria, South Africa. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000813/
Lighton Phiri, Kyle Williams, Miles Robinson, Stuart Hammar and Hussein Suleman (2012) Bonolo: A General Digital Library System for File-based Collections. In Chen, Hsin-Hsi and Gobinda Chowdhury, Eds. Proceedings 14th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries 7634, pages 49-58, Taipei, Taiwan. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000784/
Grace Ssekakubo, Hussein Suleman and Gary Marsden (2012) Learning Management Systems: Understanding the Expectations of Learners in Developing Countries. In Proceedings IADIS e-learning 2012, Lisbon, Portugal. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000790/
Rai, Idris, Anthony Rodrigues, Isabella Venter, Godfrey Mills, Hussein Suleman and John Edumadze (2011). Relevant Computing Curricula in Sub-Saharan Africa, in Proceedings of 3rd International ICST Conference on e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries (Africomm 2011), Zanzibar Islands, Tanzania. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000749/
Mohammed Mustafa Ali and H. Suleman (2011), Building a Multilingual and Mixed Arabic-English Corpus, in Proceedings of Arabic Language Technology International Conference (ALTIC) 2011, Alexandria, Egypt. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000747/
Mohammed Mustafa Ali and H. Suleman (2011), Multilingual Querying, in Proceedings of Arabic Language Technology International Conference (ALTIC) 2011, Alexandria, Egypt. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000746/
Kyle Williams and H. Suleman (2011), Creating a Handwriting Recognition Corpus for Preserving Indigenous Bushman Knowledge, in Proceedings of International Conference on the Asian Digital Library (ICADL) 2011, Beijing, China, 24-27 October 2011, pp.222-231, Springer. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000734/
Thompson, J., D. Bainbridge and H. Suleman (2011), Very Large Scale Digital Library Building in Greenstone using Parallel Processing, in Proceedings of International Conference on the Asian Digital Library (ICADL) 2011, Beijing, China, 24-27 October 2011, pp.331-340, Springer. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000742/
Mohammed Mustafa Ali, Izzedin Osman and H. Suleman (2011), Indexing and Weighting of Multilingual and Mixed Documents, in Proceedings of Annual Conference of the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists (SAICSIT) 2011, Cape Town, South Africa, 3-5 October 2011, pp.161-170, ACM. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000744/
Ssekakubo, G., H. Suleman and Gary Marsden (2011), Issues of Adoption: Have E-Learning Management Systems Fulfilled their Potential in Developing Countries?, in Proceedings of Annual Conference of the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists (SAICSIT) 2011, Cape Town, South Africa, 3-5 October 2011, pp.231-238, ACM. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000712/
Thompson, J., D. Bainbridge and H. Suleman (2011), Using TDB in Greenstone to Support Scalable Digital Libraries, in Proceedings of 3rd Workshop on Very Large Digital Libraries (VLDL), Berlin, Germany, 29 September 2011. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000745/
Webley, L., T. Chipeperekwa and H. Suleman (2011), Creating a National Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Portal in South Africa, in Proceedings of 14th International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) 2011, Cape Town, South Africa, 13-15 September 2011. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000748/
Suleman, H., Marc Bowes, Matthew Hirst and Suraj Subrun (2010), Hybrid Online-Offline Collections, in Proceedings of Annual Conference of the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists (SAICSIT 2010), Bela Bela, South Africa, 11-13 October 2010, ACM. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000655/
Kyle Williams, Sanvir Manilal, Lebogang Molwantoa and H. Suleman (2010), A Visual Dictionary for an Extinct Language, in Proceedings of International Conference on the Asian Digital Library (ICADL) 2010, Gold Coast, Australia, 21-25 June 2010, pp.1-4, Springer. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000611/
Kyle Williams, and H. Suleman (2010), Translating Handwritten Bushman Texts, in Proceedings of Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL) 2010, Gold Coast, Australia, 21-25 June 2010, pp. 109-118, ACM. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000610/
H. Suleman (2010), A Social Networking Approach to Integrated Communication in OLEs, in Proceedings of South African Computer Lecturers' Association (SACLA) Conference 2010, Pretoria, South Africa, 3-5 June 2010. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000612/
H. Suleman (2009), Utility-based high performance digital library systems, in Ioannidis, Yannis, Paolo Manghi and Pasquale Pagano (eds): Proceedings of Second Workshop on Very Large Digital Libraries (VLDL 2009), 2 October 2009, Corfu, Greece, DELOS. ISBN: 978-888850685-2. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000584/
Lebeko Poulo, Jorgina Paihama, and Morwan Mohammed Noor H. Suleman (2009), Preserving Endangered Languages using a Layered Web-based Archive, in Proceedings of 11th Annual Conference on WWW Applications (ZA-WWW 2009), 2-4 September 2009, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000585/
Ndapandula Nakashole, and H. Suleman (2009), A Hybrid Distributed Architecture for Indexing, in Agosti, Maristella, Jose Borbinha, Sarantos Kapidakis, Christos Papatheodorou and Giannis Tsakonas (eds): Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: Proceedings of 13th European Conference (ECDL 2009), September/October 2009, Corfu, Greece, LNCS 5714, Springer. ISBN: 978-3-642-04345-1 Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000522/
Nils Körber, and H. Suleman (2008), Usability of Digital Repository Software: A Study of DSpace Installation and Configuration, in Proceedings of ICADL 2008, 2-5 December, Bali, Indonesia. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000492/
Suleman, H. (2008), Automatic Marking with Sakai, in Proceedings of SAICSIT 2008, 6-8 October 2008, Wilderness, South Africa. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000465/
Christopher Parker, and H. Suleman (2008), A lightweight Web interface to Grid scheduling systems, in Proceedings of SAICSIT 2008, 6-8 October 2008, Wilderness, South Africa. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000464/
Mayumbo Nyirenda, and H. Suleman (2008), X-Switch: A Secure, Multi-User, Language-Independent Web Application Server, in Proceedings of CARI'08, 28-30 October 2008, Rabat, Morrocco. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000462/
Suleman, H. (2008), An African Perspective on Digital Preservation, in Post-Proceedings of International Workshop on Digital Preservation of Heritage and Research Issues in Archiving and Retrieval, Kolkata, India, 29-31 October 2007. Available http://www.husseinsspace.com/research/publications/iwdph_2007_african.pdf
Kieran Sharpey-Schafer, and H. Suleman (2008), Evaluating Health Information Systems for Developing Countries using Simulation, in Proceedings of IST-Africa 2008, Windhoek, Namibia. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000455/
Ndapandula Nakashole, H. Suleman and Calvin Pedzai (2007), Dynamic Role Allocation for Small Search Engine Clusters, In Barnard, Lynette and Reinhard A Botha (eds): Proceedings of Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists (SAICSIT 2007), Port Alfred, South Africa. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000431/
Suleman, H. (2007). Managing Digital Library Components, in Proceedings of Second Workshop on Foundations of Digital Libraries, 20 September, Budapest, Hungary. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000432/
Suleman, H. (2007). Digital Libraries Without Databases: The Bleek and Lloyd Collection", in Kovacs, Laszlo, Norbert Fuhr and Carlo Meghini (eds): Proceedings of Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, 11th European Conference (ECDL 2007), pp. 392-403, 16-19 September, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 392-403, Springer. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000433/
Suleman, H. (2007). in-Browser Digital Library Services, in Kovacs, Laszlo, Norbert Fuhr and Carlo Meghini (eds): Proceedings of Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, 11th European Conference (ECDL 2007), 16-19 September, Budapest, Hungary, pp.462-465, Springer. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000434/
Suleman, H. (2006). Parallelising Harvesting, in S. Sugimoto, J. Hunter, A. Rauber and A. Morishima (eds): Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries (ICADL 2006), 27-30 November, Tokyo, Japan, Springer-Verlag, pp. 81-90, Springer. ISSN: 0302-9743. ISBN: 978-3-540-49375-4. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000328/
Suleman, H., G. Marsden and Kevin Feng (2006). Customising Interfaces to Service-Oriented Digital Library Systems, in S. Sugimoto, J. Hunter, A. Rauber and A. Morishima (eds): Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries (ICADL 2006), 27-30 November, Tokyo, Japan, Springer-Verlag, pp. 503-506. ISSN: 0302-9743. ISBN: 978-3-540-49375-4. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000327/
Suleman, H., and Siyabonga Mhlongo (2006). A Flexible Approach to Web Component Packaging, in Judy Bishop and Derrick Kourie (eds): Proceedings of Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists (SAICSIT 2006), 9-11 October, Somerset West, SAICSIT, pp. 257.266. ISBN: 1-59593-567-3. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000326/
Suleman, H. (2006). Reflections on Three Years of Archiving Research Output, in C. de Villiers (ed): Proceedings of Conference on Information Technology in Tertiary Education (CITTE 2006), 18-20 September, Pretoria, Central University of Technology, pp. 1-13. ISBN: 0-620-36564-1. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000385/
Muammar Omar, and H. Suleman (2006). Component-based digital library scalability using cluster computing, in P. A. van Brakel (ed): Proceedings of 8th Annual Conference on World Wide Web Applications, 5-8 September, Bloemfontein, Cape Peninsula of Technology, pp. 1-18. ISBN: 978-0-620-37309-8. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000324/
Suleman, H., Kevin Feng, Siyabonga Mhlongo and Muammar Omar (2005). Flexing Digital Library Systems, in E. A. Fox, E. J. Neuhold, P. Premsmit and V. Wuwongse (eds): Proceedings of ICADL 2005, 12-15 December, Bangkok, Thailand, Springer-Verlag, pp. 33-37. ISSN: 0302-9743. ISBN 3-540-30850-4. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000277/
Andrew Maunder, Reinhardt van Rooyen and H. Suleman (2005). Designing a Universal Web Application Server, in J. Bishop and D. Kourie (eds): Proceedings of SAICSIT 2005, 20-22 September, White River, South Africa, ACM Press, pp. 86-94. ISBN 1-59593-258-5. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000222/
Muammar Omar, Afzal Dalwai and H. Suleman (2005). An Evaluation of QT E-Learning Standards in Resource-Limited Environments, in P. A. van Brakel (ed): Proceedings of 7th Annual Conference on World Wide Web Applications, 29-31 August, Cape Town, Cape Peninsula of Technology, pp. 3-17. ISBN 0-620-35079-2. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000275/
Linda Eyambe, and H. Suleman (2004). A Digital Library Component Assembly Environment, in G. Marsden, P. Kotzé and A. Adesina-Ojo (eds): Proceedings of SAICSIT 2004, 4-6 October, Stellenbosch, ACM Press, pp. 15-22. ISBN: 1-58113-982-9. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000274/
Sergio Congia, Michael Gaylord, Bhavik Merchant and H. Suleman (2004). Applying SOAP to OAI-PMH, in R. Heery and L. Lyon (eds): Proceedings of 8th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries (ECDL2004), 12-17 September, Bath, UK, Springer-Verlag, LNCS 3232, pp. 411-420. ISSN: 0302-9743. ISBN: 3-540-23013-0. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000273/
Suleman, H. (2004). Analysis and Evaluation of Service-Oriented Architectures for Digital Libraries, in M. Agosti, H. Jorg-Schek and C.Turker (eds): Pre-Proceedings of 6th DELOS Workshop on Digital Library Architecture: Peer-to-Peer, Grid and Service-Orientation, 24-25 June, S. Margherita di Pula, Italy, Edizioni Progetto Padova, pp. 163-174. ISBN: 88-87331-60-X. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000272/
Suleman, H. (2003). Metadata Editing by Schema, in T. Koch and I. T. Solvberg (eds): Proceedings of 7th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries (ECDL2003), LNCS 2769, Trondheim, Norway, 17-21 August 2003. ISSN: 0302-9743. ISBN: 3-540-40726-X. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000012/
Suleman, H., D. P. Madalli and E. A. Fox (2003). Design and Implementation of Networked Digital Libraries: Best Practices, in DRTC Workshop on Digital Libraries: Theory and Practice, March 2003, Documentation Research and Training Centre, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, India. pp. 79-87. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000017/
Suleman, H., and E. A. Fox (2002). Designing Protocols in Support of Digital Library Componentization, in M. Agosti and C. Thanos (eds): Proceedings of 6th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries (ECDL2002), LNCS 2458, Rome, Italy, 16-18 September 2002, pp. 568-582. Available http://www.husseinsspace.com/research/publications/ecdl_2002_paper_odl.pdf
Suleman, H., and E. A. Fox (2002). Towards Universal Accessibility of ETDs: Building the NDLTD Union Archive, in Proceedings of Fifth International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD2002), Provo, Utah, USA, 30 May-1 June 2002. Available http://www.husseinsspace.com/research/publications/etd_2002_paper_union.pdf
Fox, Edward A., Hussein Suleman and Ming Luo (2002). Building Digital Libraries Made Easy: Toward Open Digital Libraries, in E.-P. Lim, S. Foo, C. Khoo, H. Chen, E. Fox, S. Urs and T. Costantino (eds): Digital Libraries: People, Knowledge, and Technology: 5th International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries (ICADL2002), LNCS 2555, Singapore, December 11-14, pp. 14-24. Available http://www.husseinsspace.com/research/publications/icadl_2002_paper_odl.pdf
Suleman, H. (2001). Enforcing Interoperability with the Open Archives Initiative Repository Explorer, in Proceedings of the first ACM-IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, Roanoke, Virginia, USA, June 2001, pp. 63-64. Available http://www.husseinsspace.com/research/publications/jcdl_2001_paper_repository_explorer.pdf
Suleman, H., E. A. Fox and M. Abrams (2000). Building Quality into a Digital Library, in Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, San Antonio, Texas, USA, June 2000, pp. 228-229. Available http://www.husseinsspace.com/research/publications/acmdl_2000_paper_building.pdf
Suleman, H., and M. Hajek (1996). Parallelism: An Effective Genetic Programming Implementation on Low-powered Mathematica Workstations, in Proceedings of The 1996 National Research and Development Conference: SAICSIT 1996, 26-27 September, University of Natal, Durban.
Journal Articles
Haji Ali Haji, Ulrike Rivett and Hussein Suleman (2016) Improving Compliance to Tuberculosis Treatment: Supporting Patients through Mobile Graphic-based Reminders, Journal of Public Health in Developing Countries, Volume 2, Issue 3, pp. 235-247. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001169/
Charity Chao Mbogo, Edwin Blake and Hussein Suleman (2016) Evaluating the effect of using scaffolding techniques to support Java programming on a mobile phone, in IADIS International Journal on WWW/Internet, Volume 14, Number 1, pp. 101-124, ISSN: 1645-7641. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001168/
Lighton Phiri, Christoph Meinel and Hussein Suleman (2016) Streamlined Orchestration: An Orchestration Workbench Framework for Effective Teaching, in Computers & Education, Volume 95, pages 231–238. DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2016.01.011
Ngoni Munyaradzi and Hussein Suleman (2014) A system for high quality crowdsourced indigenous language transcription. International Journal of Digital Libraries, Vol 14, No 3, pp. 117-125, Springer. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000978/
Grace Ssekakubo, Suleman, H., & Marsden, G. (2013). Designing mobile LMS interfaces: learners' expectations and experiences. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 10(2), 147-167.
Phiri, Lighton and Hussein Suleman (2012) In Search of Simplicity: Redesigning the Digital Bleek and Lloyd. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 32(4):306-312. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000780/
Mayumbo Nyirenda and H. Suleman (2009), X-Switch: An Efficient, Multi-User, Multi-Language Web Application Server, South African Computer Journal, Issue 44, pp. 57-68, December 2009, SAICSIT. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000591/
Suleman, H., Christopher Parker and Muammar Omar (2008). Lightweight Component-Based Scalability, International Journal on Digital Libraries, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp. 115-128, Springer. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000485/
Linda Eyambe, and H. Suleman (2005). A component assembly approach to digital library systems, South African Computer Journal, Vol. 35, pp. 59-68. ISSN 1015-7999. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000307/
Suleman, H. (2005). Analysis and Evaluation of Service-Oriented Architectures for Digital Libraries, in Can Turker, Maristella Agosti, Hans-Jorg Schek (Eds.): Peer-to-Peer, Grid, and Service-Orientation in Digital Library Architectures, 6th Thematic Workshop of the EU Network of Excellence DELOS, Cagliari, Italy, June 24-25, 2004, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3664 Springer 2005, ISBN 3-540-28711-6, pp. 130-146. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000278/
Suleman, H., E. A. Fox, R. Kelapure, A. Krowne and M. Luo (2003). Building Digital Libraries from Simple Building Blocks, Online Information Review, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 301-310, Emerald Publishing. ISSN: 1468-4527. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000013/
Suleman, H., and E. A. Fox (2003). Leveraging OAI Harvesting to Build a Union Catalog, Library Hi-Tech, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 219-227, edited by Timothy W. Cole, Emerald Publishing. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000018/
Suleman, H., and E. A. Fox (2001). The Open Archives Initiative: Realizing Simple and Effective Digital Library Interoperability, Journal of Library Administration, Vol. 35, No. 1/2, pp. 125-145, November 2001, Haworth Press Inc, New York. Co-published in Libraries and Electronic Resources, edited by Pamela Higgins, Haworth Press Inc, 2001. Available http://www.husseinsspace.com/research/publications/jla_2001_article_oai.pdf
Book Chapters
Lighton Phiri and Hussein Suleman (2015). Managing cultural heritage: information systems architecture. In Ruthven, Ian and Gobinda Chowdhury (Eds) Cultural Heritage Information Access and Management, Chapter 6, pages 113-134. Facet Publishing. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001008/
Suleman, Hussein (2015). Innovation in the Knowledge Society within the African context. In Mbambo-Thata, Buhle, Raubenheimer, Jenny and Terry Lynne Harris (Eds): African Library Summit 2013: The Horizon and Beyond, pages 33-44. Knowres Publishing.
Suleman, Hussein (2012) Design and architecture of digital libraries, in Chowdhury, G G and S Foo, Eds. Digital Libraries and Information Access: Research Perspectives, chapter 2, pages 13-28. Facet Publishing. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000828/
Suleman, H. (2010). Interoperability in Digital Libraries, in Iglezakis, Ioannis, Tatiana-Eleni Synodinou and Sarantos Kapidakis, Eds: E-Publishing and Digital Libraries: Legal and Organizational Issues, Chapter 2, pp. 31-47. IGI Global. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000680/
Fox, E. A., H. Suleman, R. C. Gaur and D. P. Madalli (2005). Design Architecture: An Introduction and Overview, chapter in Y. Theng and S. Foo (eds): Design and Usability of Digital Libraries: Case Studies in the Asia Pacific, Information Science Publishing. ISBN: 159140442-8. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000308/
Fox, E. A., G. McMillan, H. Suleman, M. A. Gonçalves and M. Luo (2004). Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD), chapter in D. Law and J. Andrews (eds): Digital Libraries: Policy Planning and Practice, Ashgate Publishing. ISBN: 0754634485. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000015/
Fox, E. A., H. Suleman, D. Madalli and L. Cassel (2004). Digital Libraries, chapter in M. P. Singh (ed): Practical Handbook of Internet Computing, CRC Press. ISBN: 1584883812. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000016/
Suleman, H., A. Atkins, M. A. Gonçalves, R. K. France, E. A. Fox, V. Chachra, M. Crowder and J. Young (2004). Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, chapter in Fox, E. A., S. Feizabadi, J. M. Moxley and C. R. Weisser (eds): Electronic Theses and Dissertations: A Sourcebook for Educators, Students, and Librarians, Chapter 5, pp. 49-72, Marcel Dekker Inc..
Suleman, H. (2004). NDLTD Union Catalog Project, chapter in Fox, E. A., S. Feizabadi, J. M. Moxley, and C. R. Weisser (eds): Electronic Theses and Dissertations: A Sourcebook for Educators, Students, and Librarians, Chapter 6, pp. 73-77, Marcel Dekker, Inc..
Books
Salah Kabanda, Hussein Suleman and Stephan Jamieson (2018) Proceedings of the 47th Annual Conference of the Southern African Computer Lecturers' Association: SACLA 2018, SACLA. ISBN: 9780720801928
Salah Kabanda, Hussein Suleman and Stefan Gruner (2019) ICT Education: 47th Annual Conference of the Southern African Computer Lecturers’ Association, SACLA 2018 Gordon’s Bay, South Africa, June 18–20, 2018: Revised Selected Papers, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/9783030058135
Theses
Suleman, H. (2002). Open Digital Libraries, Ph.D. dissertation, Virginia Tech. Available http://www.husseinsspace.com/research/publications/odl.pdf and http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11222002-155624/
Suleman, H. (1997). Genetic Programming in Mathematica, M.Sc. thesis, University of Durban-Westville. Available http://www.husseinsspace.com/research/publications/gpinmath.pdf
Magazine Articles
Suleman, H., and E. A. Fox (2001). A Framework for Building Open Digital Libraries, D-Lib Magazine, Vol 7., No. 12, December 2001. Available http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december01/suleman/12suleman.html
Suleman, H., A. Atkins, M. A. Gonçalves, R. K. France, E. A. Fox, V. Chachra, M. Crowder and J. Young (2001). Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations: Bridging the Gaps for Global Access - Part 1: Mission and Progress, D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 9, September 2001. Available http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september01/suleman/09suleman-pt1.html
Suleman, H., A. Atkins, M. A. Gonçalves, R. K. France, E. A. Fox, V. Chachra, M. Crowder and J. Young (2001). Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations: Bridging the Gaps for Global Access - Part 2: Services and Research, D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 9, September 2001. Available http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september01/suleman/09suleman-pt2.html
Reviewed Conference Demonstrations
Fox, E. A., R. K. France, M. A. Gonçalves and H. Suleman (2001). Building Interoperable Digital Library Services: MARIAN, Open Archives and NDLTD, in Proceedings of the 24th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, September 2001, p. 451.
Suleman, H. (2001). Using the Repository Explorer to Achieve OAI Protocol Compliance, in Proceedings of the First ACM-IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, Roanoke, Virginia, USA, June 2001, p. 459.
Fox, E. A., R. K. France, M. A. Gonçalves, H. Suleman and M. H. Lee (2000). Building a Unified Digital Library for Theses and Dissertations, 3rd International Conference of Asian Digital Library, Seoul, South Korea, December 2000.
Suleman, H., E. A. Fox and M. Abrams (2000). Building Quality into a Digital Library, Fifth ACM Conference on Digital Libraries, San Antonio, Texas, USA, June 2000.
Reviewed Conference Posters
Jecton Anyango and Hussein Suleman (2018) Teaching Programming in Kenya and South Africa: What is difficult and is it universal?, in Proceedings of Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research, Helsinki, Finland. Available: http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/id/eprint/1291/
Mvurya Mgala, Hussein Suleman and Audrey Mbogho (2016) Undereducation, Motivating Intervention in Rural Schools with MAPPS, in Proceedings of the First African Conference on Human Computer Interaction (AfriCHI) 2016, 21-25 November 2016, Nairobi, Kenya. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00001170/
Mushashu Mwansa Lumpa, Ngoni Munyaradzi and H. Suleman (2011), Interconnecting DSpace and LOCKSS, poster in Proceedings of Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, (TPDL) 2011, Berlin, 26-28 September 2011, pp.493-496, Springer. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000741/
Kyle Williams and H. Suleman (2011), Using A Hidden Markov Model to Transcribe Handwritten Bushman Texts, poster in Proceedings of Joint ACM/IEEE Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL) 2011, Ottawa, Canada, 13-17 June 2011, pp.445-446, ACM. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000696/
Versfeld, Rizmari, Spencer Lee, Edward A. Fox, Hussein Suleman and Kyle Williams (2010). Digital Library in a 3D Virtual World: The Digital Bleek and Lloyd Collection in Second Life, in Proceedings of European Conference on Digital Libraries (ECDL) 2010, 6-10 September 2010, Glasgow, Scotland, pp. 550-553, Springer.
Hisham Abdalla, and H. Suleman (2008). Combining Dictionary and Web-mined Resources for Arabic-English Cross Language Information Retrieval, at 10th Annual Conference on WWW Applications, Cape Town, 2-5 September 2008.
Nils Körber, and H. Suleman (2008). Enhancing Usability of Open Source Digital Repository Software, at 10th Annual Conference on WWW Applications, Cape Town, 2-5 September 2008.
Mohammed Mustafa Ali, Hisham Abdalla, and H. Suleman (2008). Current Approaches in Arabic IR: A Survey, at 11th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL 2008), Bali, Indonesia, 2-5 December 2008.
Ndapandula Nakashole, and H. Suleman (2008). A Scavenger Grid for Intranet Indexing, at 11th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries (ICADL 2008), Bali, Indonesia, 2-5 December 2008.
Suleman, H., Linda Eyambe, M. Luo and E. A. Fox (2003). New Directions in Digital Library Componentisation, at 7th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries (ECDL2003), Trondheim, Norway, 17-21 August 2003.
Technical Reports
Nabeel Parker, Morne Valentyn, Hussein Suleman, Christoph Meinel and Lighton Phiri (2018) Reusable and Shareable Orchestration Packages, Technical Report CS18-02-00, University of Cape Town. Available: http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/id/eprint/1261/
Michiel Baird, Lighton Phiri and Hussein Suleman (2014) Automatic Workflow Management for Spatial Heritage Data. Technical Report CS14-01-00, Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000962/
Bassey, Patience Charles, and Hussein Suleman (2012) An assessment tool for teaching aids towards the retention of female students in computer science. Technical Report CS12-09-00, Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000844/
Christopher Parker, Kyle Williams and Hussein Suleman (2012) A Lightweight Interface to Local Grid Scheduling Systems. Technical Report CS12-05-00, Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000774/
Lighton Phiri & Suleman, H. (2013). Benchmarking a File-based Digital Library System Repository Architecture. Technical Report CS13-04-00, Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000888/
Jorgina Paihama and H. Suleman (2009), A Survey of the Effectiveness of Current Interoperability Protocols, Technical Report CS09-03-00, Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town. Available http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000530/
Suleman, Hussein, and Edward A. Fox (2002). Beyond Harvesting: Digital Library Components as OAI Extensions, Technical Report TR-02-25, Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech. Available http://www.husseinsspace.com/research/publications/cstr_2002_odl_1.pdf and http://eprints.cs.vt.edu:8000/archive/00000625/